3.1 I can explain the terms homologous series, hydrocarbon, saturated, unsaturated, general formula and isomerism

Term	Definition	Example
Homologous series	Family of compounds with the same general formula.	Alkanes
Hydrocarbon	A compound containing Hydrogen and carbon	Alkanes, or Crude Oil
Saturated hydrocarbon
Unsaturated hydrocarbon
General formula	A Mathematical formula to show how many carbons and hydrogens there are in the homologous series or any family of compounds.	CnH2n+2
Isomerism

5.13 I can describe catalytic cracking of long-chain hydrocarbons

1. Define the term Catalyst
A substance used to speed up the rate of reaction but never gets used up

2. Why is a Catalyst used?
To speed up the rate of reaction

3. Why are high temperatures needed?
because long chain hydrocarbons have high boiling points. (to break the bonds)





1. Why is it important to not get the liquid paraffin down to the side of the tube?

5.12 I can recall the problems associated with the fractional distillation of crude oil

1.
a) When crude oil undergoes fractional distillation there are too many long chain hydrocarbons (eg bitumen and kerosine) produced and not enough short chain hydrocarbons (eg refinery fuels used for cooking)
b) To solve these problems the Long chain hydrocarbons undergo a chemical reaction called cracking.

5.11 I can recall how nitrogen oxides are formed in car engines

Questions

a.       Write the general equation for the combustion of a fuel

      fuel+oxygen----> Co2+H20+energy

b.      During combustion the nitrogen in air can react to form what gases?

     it can react to form nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide

c.       What condition is necessary for the formation of these gases?

     High Temprature

d.      In what common object is this condition found?

    Cars

e.      Why is this condition needed for nitrogen to react?

    Because its a triple covalent bond it means that its super strong

f.        What are the dangers of the products from this reaction?

  Acid rain

5.10 I can recall the problems associated with incomplete combustion

2. What are the properties of carbon monoxide

Odorless, Colorless and Poisonous

3. Explain how carbon monoxide is formed

It is formed due to insufficient Oxygen

4. Explain why carbon monoxide is poisonous

Because it likes the hemogoblin so much it never lets go and therefore doesn't let oxygen on.

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5.9 I can describe the trend in boiling point and viscosity of the main fractions

a. What is the trend in boiling point of the fractions?

As we go down the fractionating column the boiling point becomes higher due to the molecules getting bigger, which also is why the when we go down the fractionating column the oils get more viscous.

b. Define viscosity (source your definition)

The ability of a liquid to flow, for example water has low viscosity and honey has high viscosity

                                                                                          www.geonet.org.nz/volcano/glossary.html

c. What is the trend in viscosity of the fractions?

The Lower we go down the fractionating column the higher the viscosity of oil is

d. What is the trend in colour of the fractions?

The lower we go down the fractionating column the darker and thicker the color gets

e. Why is crude oil separated into fractions?

in order to make it useful (by using every level of oil it contains)

f. What process is used to separate crude oil into fractions?

Fractional Distillation

g. What physical property allows this process to work?

Different fractions have different boiling points.

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5.8 I can recall the names and uses of the main fractions obtained from crude oil

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